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Kabitor Train [ edit ]
| Capitol | |||
|---|---|---|---|
The BB 9200 Electric Locomotive with the Nameplate of "Kapitol"
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| Introduction | |||
| Service type | Express trains (1960–1970, 1982–1991) All-European Express (1970–1984) | ||
| status | Retired | ||
| Operating area |  France | ||
| Open date | November 15, 1960 | ||
| Stop operations | September 1991 | ||
| Former operator | French National Railway | ||
| starting point | Paris Austerlitz Station | ||
| end | Toulouse Matabio Station | ||
| Running distance | 713 km (443 mi) | ||
| Business model | Two shifts per day (1960–1968)(1968–1991) | ||
| technology | |||
| gauge | 1,435 mm (4 feet 8 1 ⁄ 2 inches) | ||
| Electrification | 1500 V DC | ||
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The Capitole (French: Le Capitole ) is the name used for a long-distance train run between Paris, the French capital, and Toulouse , the southern part of the country , and was operated by the French National Railway from 1960 to 1991. Its name derives from the French title of the main building of the city of Toulouse , and the latter is named after Capitoline Hill . CDB has been occupied since the train into the fast trains and all over Europe Express and other categories, and the first class is the French national railway speed of 160 km / h of high-speed commercial train service [1] . By 1991, the Capitole was replaced by the newly introduced French high-speed train service.
table of Contents
[ hide ]- 1History
- 1.1Fast train
- 1.2All-European Express
- 1.3Follow-up operations
- 2footnotes
- 3Reference materials
History [ edit ]
Fast train [ edit ]
As Orleans - Montauban railway opened to traffic in 1891. [Note 1] , and from Paris to Toulouse train service between is via Paris - Bordeaux Railway (Paris - Orleans interval), Orleans - Montauban Railroad (across the board ) and the shortest path of the Bordeaux-Sète Railway ( Montauban -Tuluth zone), which is 712.3 km long [Note 2] . Before the Second World War , the fastest train running along this route was Paris ’s night train to Barcelona , which took 8 hours and 50 minutes. Day trains will take longer due to the large number of stops . [3] After World War II, from Paris via Nimes day shift between fast train to Toulouse has begun to put into service. One-way travel time from train northbound to Paris is approximately 7 hours and 35 minutes, and one-way travel time from southbound to Toulouse takes more than 8 hours. On the other hand, if the passengers aboard a Paris via Bordeaux bound for Spain direction of the South express train , and transit links to Toulouse train in Bordeaux, which is the time required for the entire process can be completed in more than seven hours [Note 3] .
In the adjustment of the map of November 15, 1960, the fast-track Cabbylet from Paris to Toulouse officially opened, and its one-way running time was 7 hours [2] . In order to reduce the operating time as much as possible, the trains stop at Limoges , Brive-la-Gaillarde , Cahors and Montauban on 4 stops, while the Austerlitz station in Paris has about 400 miles between Limoges. There is no stopping station on the Kilometer section. In addition, both the southbound and northbound trains started in the early evening and arrived at the destination late at night . The number of trains used was 1009/1010 [Note 3] .
Kabitor used the BB 9200 as the traction task in the initial stage of operation , while the passenger compartment of the passenger coach used the All-in-one seat and the DEV Inox type compartment consisting of the dining car and the luggage cart . Among them, traction locomotives and luggage carts are painted in green and dining carts are painted in blue . Passengers need to pay an additional fee of 8.50 francs in addition to the first-class fare . [3]
Since May 27, 1962, the one-way operation time of the Capitole has been further reduced by 15 minutes to 6 hours and 45 minutes. The maximum speed limit of the train during this period was 150 km/h [Note 3] . Since May 28, 1967, the Capitole has been operating at the highest speed limit of 200 km/h in O'Brey (125 km) and Vierzon (195 km) [Note 3] This is the first passenger train in France and the third in the world to operate at a speed of 200 km/h. The first two cases were as Japan 's Tokaido Shinkansen (1964, 210 km / h) and the German Federal Railways in Augsburg - Munich test train running between (1966). However, due to the opening line of the German train serious wear and tear on the line, the test was terminated shortly after, so Kabituole ranked No. maintain speed over a long period of time in Europe first, world second place [Note 4] .
In order to meet the operating speed of 200 km/h, the National Railway of France has upgraded four existing BB 9200 electric locomotives (9278, 9281, 9288 and 9289) to replace 200 km/h bogies and pantographs ; the last two BB 9200 electric locomotives (units 9291 and 9292) have built-in components with a maximum speed of up to 250 km/h, so they are for 200 km. There is still plenty of headroom for the traction capacity per hour. At this time, the passenger compartment of the Cabbylet has been replaced with a French UIC type car . They are equipped with standard high-speed bogies up to 200 km/h. In addition, the traction locomotives and passenger compartments use a special paint based on red , and a name plate with a train name is hung on the outside of each car and on the front of the locomotive [Note 3] .
Between 1967 and 1970, the standard grouping of the Capitole was usually made up of nine cars, including seven A 9 - seat first compartment cars (9 compartments per section), and 1 section A 7 D. Type compartment car/baggage car (including 7 compartments and baggage space) and 1 Vru dining car [3] .
And fully enclosed Shinkansen or TGV high speed dedicated line ( LGV ) different, in a number Kabituole operation region 200 km / h crossings , but also with high-speed rail contact station platform [4] . During this period, the one-way time taken by Paris-Tuluth was shortened from 45 minutes to 6 hours, with an average speed of 118.8 kilometers per hour. However, since the duration of the operation at a speed of 200 km/h is only 5 minutes, another 40 minutes of compression is mainly achieved by relaxing the speed limit of other sections. The run time of the 400-kilometre section of Paris-Limo (stop-stop) is 2 hours and 54 minutes, with an average speed of 137.8 km/h [Note 3] .
Because this rate, the number of passenger trains recorded a substantial increase, and therefore since September 29, 1968, Kabituole number in southbound and northbound trip early morning service each increased ( du Matin ) [4] , Execute a daily ( except Sundays ) round-trip mission with 1029/1030 trips; while the original du Soir still maintains its 7th-week operational mission [Note 5] .
All European Express [ edit ]
September 27, 1970, morning and evening of Kabituole numbers were included in the whole of Europe Express ( TEE ) category, trips still maintain the original number. At the same time, its passenger compartments were replaced with newly -built large comfortable passenger compartments . The group consisted of first-class compartment cars, first-class open-seat cars, bar-type cars , baggage/ power-generating cars, and a 48-seat dining car operated by a sleeper company . The traction locomotive was also replaced with the new CC 6500 electric locomotive [Note 5] . The locomotives and carriages are made of gray bottom edge of the special red paint, outside each car was hanging there, "representing the whole of Europe Express TEE " words, while the bezel with the name of the train locomotive still attached to the front end [Note 3 ] .
In the summer 1971 map adjustment, the number of trains in Western Europe was adjusted uniformly. In order to match the range of the entire European Express within 100, the number of trips to the Cabbylet will be renumbered, of which the number of early trips will be TEE 75/74, and the number of night trips will be TEE 77/76. Times. At the same time, the maximum speed limit of the 46-kilometer section of the train between Illerva - Selkote was also increased to 200 km/h. Therefore, the time required for one-way operation was shortened by 4 minutes to 5 hours and 56 minutes. Kabituole number at this point and Paris - to provide complementary services other fast trains between Brive opening line, which operates using the French UIC-type carriage Kabituole number previously used by [Note 3] .
| Southbound | Docking station | Northbound | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mileage |  75 times (morning shift) | 77 times (night shift) | 74 times (morning) | 76 times (night shift) | mileage | |
| 0 | 07:45 | 18:00 | Paris | 13:45 | 23:45 | 713 |
| 400 | 10:39 | 20:54 | Limoges | 10:48 | 20:48 | 313 |
| 499 | 11:39 | 21:54 | Brive-la-Gaillarde | 09:48 | 19:48 | 214 |
| 600 | 12:40 | 22:55 | Cahors | 08:48 | 18:48 | 113 |
| 662 | 13:16 | 23:31 | Montauban | 08:12 | 18:12 | 51 |
| 713 | 13:45 | 24:00 | Toulouse | 07:45 | 17:45 | 0 |
In the 1974 winter chart adjustments. As the train improved the speed of passing at Vierzonz station , the time required for one-way operation was shortened by 6 minutes (only 3 minutes for the evening trip northbound) to 5 hours and 50 minutes. This is the shortest time-consuming record for the one-way operation of the Capitole. In 1975, the early morning southbound train began to increase the stop of Châteauroux , which took 3 minutes each time. Since 1979, the evening trains on the northbound line have also adopted the same stop mode [3] . In 1980, the one-way operation between Paris and Toulouse took 6 hours 02 minutes to 08 points [Note 6] .
By the 1980s , the entire European Express network was declining due to competition from air traffic . Since May 23, 1982, the early morning southbound train and late-night northbound train of the Capitole have begun to carry second-class carriages in the formation and are no longer operating as a Euro-European express train. Second-class carriages use new Kore-type cars . The remaining early morning northbound trains and evening southbound trains still maintain the entire European Express service on the 6th of the week: Northbound stops on Saturdays and southbound stops on Sundays. Since September 30, 1984, which also joined the train marshalling the second class to completely withdraw from the whole of Europe Express service, is included in fast trains ( Rapide ) category. At the same time, due to the increase in the number of stopover stations, the one-way time-consuming time has also been extended [Note 3] .
Follow-up operations [ edit ]
In 1990, linking Paris - Tours of the French Atlantic high-speed rail line (Southwest branch) opened to traffic, the French national railway immediately in Balimengpa NASDAQ station via Bordeaux to earth鲁斯马塔比奥station between CDB daily service The French High Speed Train ( TGV ) service. Although the total length of 824.4 kilometers is longer than the Capitol, it takes only 5 hours and 06 minutes for a single journey. The Capitol is no longer the fastest train between Paris and Toulouse. Since the two-way TGV train runs only once a day, passengers can take the more frequent Paris-Bordeaux TGV train and transfer to another train to Toulouse. The entire journey can also be controlled in more than five hours. [Note 7] .
In 1991, a pair of direct TGV trains was added between Paris and Toulouse. As an alternative, morning Kabituole number of southbound service and evening northbound service was withdrawn [5] . At the same time, the remaining pair of services (the early morning trip northbound and the late evening southbound trip) of the Capitole are also shortened to run between Paris and Brive-la-Gaillarde and renamed the Turenne. ), The Capitol has become history [Note 3] .
As of 2012, in Paris - Toulouse daily total of eight classes of passenger trains provide direct access services, including day care class 2 (kore trains, Corail ), 1 class night service (Lu Ni train, Lunéa ) and 5 classes TGV Train service. Among them, the one-way operation time of the Kory train is 6 hours 30 minutes to 7 hours, the Luni train is nearly 8 hours, and the TGV train is within 5 hours and 30 minutes [Note 8] .
Footnotes [ edit ]
- ^ Laederich, Gayda & Jacquot (1996), pp. 66-67.
- Go ^ Dupuy 2000, p. 54.
- ^ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 Dupuy 2000 , pages 52-61.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Shanouchiichiro 2004 , pp. 243-246.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Cook 1974 , pp. 69-70.
- Move ^ Malaspina 2005, page 11.
- ^ Cook 1991, p. 75.
- ^ Carémantrant 2005, pp. 30-33.
References [ edit ]
- website
- ^ (English) The Story of French Rail - 1967 . SNCF . [ 2013-02-23 ] .
- Move ^ (French) GARE SNCF de "BRIVE - LA GAILLARDE " . AEDTF. [ 2013-10-23 ] .
- ^ (German) Wagenreihung des „Le Capitole“ . Eisenbahn im Film. [ 2013-10-23 ] .
- ^ （德文）Eisenbahn in Frankreich - Baureihe BB 9200. Unternehmensberatung für Qualitäts- und Projektmanagement. [2013-10-23].
- ^ （德文）Eisenbahn in Frankreich - "Le Capitole". Unternehmensberatung für Qualitäts- und Projektmanagement. [2013-10-23].
- 文獻
- （法文）Dupuy, Jean-Marc, 40 années de service pour le « Capitole », Rail Passion (La Vie du Rail), 2000年12月, (44)
- （法文）Laederich, Patricia; Gayda, Marc; Jacquot, André, Histoire du réseau ferroviaire français, Valignat: Editions de l'Ormet, 1996, ISBN 2-906575-22-4
- （法文）Malaspina, Jean-Pierre, Train d'Europe Tome 1, Les Mesnuls: La Vie du Rail, 2005, ISBN 2-915034-48-6
- （法文）Carémantrant, Marc, Corail Téoz : cap au sud, Rail Passion (La Vie du Rail), 2005年11月, (97): 30–33
- （英文）Cook, Thomas, Thomas Cook Continental Timetable (March 29–April 25, 1974 edition), Peterborough: Thomas Cook Group, 1974, ISSN 0952-620X
- （英文）Cook, Thomas, Thomas Cook European Timetable (April 1991 edition), Peterborough: Thomas Cook Group, 1991, ISSN 0952-620X
- （日文）山之內秀一郎, 《新幹線がなかったら》, 朝日文庫, 朝日新聞社, 2004, ISBN 4-02-261451-X
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2 categories :
- European Express
- French named train
